{"id":8608,"date":"2024-02-19T08:00:11","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T07:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/?p=8608"},"modified":"2024-02-04T17:42:27","modified_gmt":"2024-02-04T16:42:27","slug":"co-je-to-php","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/co-je-to-php\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to PHP: Pohled pod pokli\u010dku serverov\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>PHP je jeden z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k v\u00fdvoji webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a aplikac\u00ed. Je to skriptovac\u00ed jazyk, kter\u00fd se spou\u0161t\u00ed na serveru p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se str\u00e1nka zobraz\u00ed v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch se pod\u00edv\u00e1me pod pokli\u010dku tohoto serverov\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/b><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a0e32cfd6dff\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #666666;color:#666666\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #666666;color:#666666\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a0e32cfd6dff\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/co-je-to-php\/#Trocha_historie\" >Trocha historie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/co-je-to-php\/#Jak_funguje_tento_programovaci_jazyk\" >Jak funguje tento programovac\u00ed jazyk?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/co-je-to-php\/#Jak_nainstalovat_PHP\" >Jak nainstalovat PHP?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/co-je-to-php\/#Vlastnosti_jazyka\" >Vlastnosti jazyka\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trocha_historie\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trocha historie<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP <\/span><b>vyvinul Rasmusen Lerdorf v roce 1994 jako sadu CGI skript\u016f napsan\u00fdch v jazyce C.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Lerdorf cht\u011bl vytvo\u0159it jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zaznamen\u00e1vat statistiky n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Prvn\u00ed verze byla vyd\u00e1na v roce 1995. V roce 1997 se v\u00fdvoj PHP stal komunitn\u00edm projektem a byla vyd\u00e1na verze 3, kter\u00e1 p\u0159idala mnoho nov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b podpory pro <a href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/programovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">objektov\u011b orientovan\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/a> Od roku 2000 do roku 2021 byly vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 verze od 4 a\u017e po 8, kter\u00e1 byla v\u00fdznamnou aktualizac\u00ed jazyka. <\/span><b>PHP 8 p\u0159idalo mnoho nov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b podpory pro typy na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastnost\u00ed a podporu pro generick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak\u00fd je sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP je dnes jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se <\/span><b>k v\u00fdvoji webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a aplikac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, ecommerce, blog\u016f a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch. J<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e st\u00e1le ve v\u00fdvoji a p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed mu nov\u00e9 funkce. V roce 2023 vy\u0161la verze, kter\u00e1 p\u0159inesla dal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 funkce, v\u010detn\u011b podpory pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du, podporu pro PSR-21 a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<span class='mb-center maxbutton-10-center'><span class='maxbutton-10-container mb-container'><a class=\"maxbutton-10 maxbutton maxbutton-kurz-programator\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Kurz program\u00e1tor\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/it-kurzy\"><span class='mb-text'>Nau\u010dte se programovat v na\u0161em kurzu<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co je to PHP a v \u010dem jej programovat?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP lze <a href=\"https:\/\/rekvalifikacnikurzy.cz\/kurz\/tvorba-www-aplikaci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">programovat<\/a> v<strong> jak\u00e9mkoli textov\u00e9m editoru.<\/strong> Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 specializovan\u00e9 IDE (Integrated Development Environment), kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto aplikac\u00ed. Mezi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed IDE pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NetBeans<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IDE NetBeans,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eclipse,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IDE Eclipse,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Visual Studio Code.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_funguje_tento_programovaci_jazyk\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak funguje tento programovac\u00ed jazyk?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP je zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1no <\/span><b>intern\u00edm skriptovac\u00edm enginem, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed webov\u00e9ho serveru.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ka\u017ed\u00fd skript se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z k\u00f3du, kter\u00fd je zpracov\u00e1n enginem. Engine p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed k\u00f3d do strojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, kter\u00fd je pot\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn na serveru.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co d\u011bl\u00e1 program\u00e1tor?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP program\u00e1to\u0159i se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdvojem webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a aplikac\u00ed. Jejich pr\u00e1ce zahrnuje:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psan\u00ed k\u00f3du,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">design a v\u00fdvoj webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a aplikac\u00ed,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00fadr\u017eba a spr\u00e1va aplikac\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8619\" src=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/php-1-930x620.jpeg\" alt=\"PHP\" width=\"930\" height=\"620\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_nainstalovat_PHP\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak nainstalovat PHP?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP je k dispozici <strong>pro Windows, macOS a Linux.<\/strong> Instalacephp je jednoduch\u00e1 a lze ji prov\u00e9st podle pokyn\u016f na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch PHP.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St\u00e1hn\u011bte si nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi z ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nek.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozbalte sta\u017een\u00fd soubor do libovoln\u00e9 slo\u017eky.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zm\u011b\u0148te opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed souboru php.ini na &#8220;V\u0161echno&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otev\u0159ete soubor php.ini a upravte hodnoty podle pot\u0159eby.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restartujte webov\u00fd server,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co d\u011blat po instalaci?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po instalaci m\u016f\u017eete otestovat, zda je v\u0161e v po\u0159\u00e1dku, t\u00edm, \u017ee vytvo\u0159\u00edte jednoduch\u00fd skript. Ulo\u017ete n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00f3d do souboru s n\u00e1zvem <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">index.php<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> do slo\u017eky, kterou jste vybrali pro instalaci PHP. Otev\u0159ete webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d a zadejte adresu localhost\/index.php. Pokud se zobraz\u00ed text &#8220;Ahoj, sv\u011bte!&#8221;, je instalace \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. <\/span>Po instalaci m\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt s tvorbou webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. Doporu\u010dujeme v\u00e1m pro\u010d\u00edst si z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kurz PHP, abyste se nau\u010dili z\u00e1klady tohoto programovac\u00edho jazyka.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vlastnosti_jazyka\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vlastnosti jazyka\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP je dynamicky typovan\u00fd skriptovac\u00ed jazyk, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/jak-se-stat-programatorem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">k v\u00fdvoji webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek<\/a> a aplikac\u00ed. M\u00e1 mnoho vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fd a flexibiln\u00ed jazyk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mezi vlastnosti tohoto programovac\u00edho jazyka pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Dynamick\u00fd typ:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Datov\u00fd typ prom\u011bnn\u00e9 je v\u00e1z\u00e1n na hodnotu, nikoli na prom\u011bnnou.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Objektov\u011b orientovan\u00fd:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> podporuje objektov\u011b orientovan\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed (OOP). OOP umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et slo\u017eit\u00e9 a modul\u00e1rn\u00ed aplikace.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Velk\u00e1 knihovna funkc\u00ed:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> obsahuje rozs\u00e1hlou knihovnu funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm usnad\u0148uj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, jako je p\u0159\u00edstup k datab\u00e1zi, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f a generov\u00e1n\u00ed form\u00e1tovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Multiplatformn\u00ed:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0je multiplatformn\u00ed jazyk, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edvat na r\u016fzn\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Zdarma a otev\u0159en\u00fd zdroj:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je zdarma a open-source, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jej lze sd\u00edlet a upravovat bez poplatku.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHP je<strong> v\u00fdkonn\u00fd a flexibiln\u00ed programovac\u00ed jazyk,<\/strong> kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdvoji dynamick\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a aplikac\u00ed. Pokud se jej chcete nau\u010dit, existuje mnoho dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b online kurz\u016f, knih a tutori\u00e1l\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PHP je jeden z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k v\u00fdvoji webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a aplikac\u00ed. Je to skriptovac\u00ed jazyk, kter\u00fd se spou\u0161t\u00ed na serveru p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se str\u00e1nka zobraz\u00ed v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch se pod\u00edv\u00e1me pod pokli\u010dku tohoto serverov\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed. Trocha historie PHP vyvinul Rasmusen Lerdorf v roce 1994 jako sadu CGI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":8620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56,330,333],"tags":[35,18,32],"class_list":["post-8608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-personalistika","category-podnikani","category-programovani","tag-kariera","tag-navody","tag-rekvalifikace"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Co je to PHP: Pohled pod pokli\u010dku serverov\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PHP je jeden z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. 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