{"id":6579,"date":"2023-03-01T09:50:09","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T08:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/?p=6579"},"modified":"2023-02-19T15:52:22","modified_gmt":"2023-02-19T14:52:22","slug":"dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/","title":{"rendered":"Dezinformace a dal\u0161\u00ed nepravdy v m\u00e9di\u00edch a na internetu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"elementToProof\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor, internet a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b zaplavuj\u00ed dezinformace, hoaxy, misinformace i fake news. Vyzn\u00e1te se v t\u011bchto term\u00ednech? Pro\u010d vznikaj\u00ed a jak\u00fd maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010del? Odpov\u011bdi nab\u00edz\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f4d11b06957\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #666666;color:#666666\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #666666;color:#666666\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f4d11b06957\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Hoax\" >Hoax<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Dezinformace\" >Dezinformace<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Politicke_duvody\" >Politick\u00e9 d\u016fvody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Financni_duvody\" >Finan\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fvody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Vojenske_konflikty\" >Vojensk\u00e9 konflikty<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Fake_news\" >Fake news<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Misinformace\" >Misinformace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/dezinformace-a-dalsi-nepravdy\/#Jak_poznat_falesnou_zpravu\" >Jak poznat fale\u0161nou zpr\u00e1vu?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoax\"><\/span>Hoax<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hoax je <strong>podvodn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va,<\/strong> kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla vyd\u011bsit, \u0161\u00ed\u0159it paniku a p\u0159im\u011bt k velmi un\u00e1hlen\u00fdm a\u017e iracion\u00e1ln\u00edm reakc\u00edm. Hoaxy se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na fale\u0161n\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto<strong> jsou velmi urgentn\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161inou po\u017eaduj\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed.<\/strong> Krom\u011b popla\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v lze za hoax pova\u017eovat i r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, smy\u0161len\u00e9 petice, v\u00fdzvy nebo i prosby o pomoc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">P\u0159\u00edklad hoaxu: <em>\u201cDobr\u00fd den, Facebook ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee od z\u00edtra se bude za jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed platit 12 eur za m\u011bs\u00edc, tato zpr\u00e1va se mus\u00ed rozeslat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 15 kontakt\u016fm a st\u00e1t v\u00e1s ozna\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou &#8220;Gold&#8221;, tak\u017ee nemus\u00edte platit.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span class='mb-center maxbutton-2-center'><span class='maxbutton-2-container mb-container'><a class=\"maxbutton-2 maxbutton maxbutton-kurz-marketingu\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Kurz marketingu\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/kurzy-marketingu\"><span class='mb-text'>Studujte kurz marketingu<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dezinformace\"><\/span>Dezinformace<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"elementToProof\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00damysln\u011b klamav\u00e9 a l\u017eiv\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za \u00fakol c\u00edlen\u011b <strong>ovlivnit \u00fasudek \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e.<\/strong> \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed m\u00e1 vliv na velkou \u010d\u00e1st spole\u010dnosti. Dezinformace maj\u00ed za \u00fakol vyvolat dojem, \u017ee jsou d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 a pravdiv\u00e9. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou dezinformace \u0161\u00ed\u0159eny pomoc\u00ed<a href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/tiktok-jak-jej-vyuzit-v-marketingu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a e-mail\u016f.<\/a> <strong>Dezinformace vznikaj\u00ed na dezinforma\u010dn\u00edch webech. <\/strong>Takov\u00fd dezinforma\u010dn\u00ed web se velmi \u010dasto pozn\u00e1 podle senza\u010dn\u00edho titulku, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak \u010dasto nekoresponduje\u00a0 s t\u00e9matem \u010dl\u00e1nku. Dezinforma\u010dn\u00ed weby \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie, fake news i hoaxy. Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno dezinformace je \u0161\u00ed\u0159ena s jasn\u00fdm \u00famyslem. Mezi ty nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"elementToProof\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Politicke_duvody\"><\/span>Politick\u00e9 d\u016fvody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dezinformace jsou b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politiky. C\u00edlen\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed o politic\u00edch m\u00e1 za \u00fakol sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich \u0161ance usp\u011bt ve volb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Financni_duvody\"><\/span>Finan\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fvody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm dezinformac\u00ed si velmi \u010dasto \u0161i\u0159itel\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnost webu, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ili sv\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/reklamni-slepota\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">v\u00fdd\u011blky z reklamy.<\/a> Ti zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dokonce vyb\u00edraj\u00ed od sv\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f i poplatky a finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na dal\u0161\u00ed \u201codhalov\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vojenske_konflikty\"><\/span>Vojensk\u00e9 konflikty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"elementToProof\" dir=\"ltr\">Dezinformace byly v\u017edy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch konflikt\u016f. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 propagandy v dob\u011b sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek i komunistick\u00e1 propaganda, to byly dezinformace, kter\u00e9 se staly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vlivov\u00fdch operac\u00ed.<b class=\"FluidPluginCopy elementToProof\"><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">P\u0159\u00edklad dezinformace: <em>Mezi nejbizarn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dezinformace v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b ty v souvislosti s pandemi\u00ed koronaviru. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jde o tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee se nemoc covid-19 \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed vys\u00edla\u010d\u016f 5G s\u00edt\u00ed nebo, \u017ee vakc\u00edny obsahuj\u00ed mikro\u010dipy, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010dkovan\u00fdch.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fake_news\"><\/span>Fake news<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"elementToProof\" dir=\"ltr\">Fake news jsou nepravdiv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 je dokonce velmi \u010dasto sama tvo\u0159\u00ed. C\u00edlem fake news m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u0161kozen\u00ed osob nebo p\u0159\u00edjem z reklamy. V minulosti se fake news nej\u010dast\u011bji objevovaly v bulv\u00e1rn\u00edm tisku. S rozmachem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se frekvence fake news je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Od hoaxu se fake news li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee je vytv\u00e1\u0159ena v\u011bdom\u011b a t\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed od chybn\u00e9 nebo popla\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. Za fake news lze pova\u017eovat i ne\u00faplnou zpr\u00e1vu.\u00a0Fake news lze jednodu\u0161e poznat tak, \u017ee tv\u016frci nespolupracuj\u00ed se seri\u00f3zn\u00edmi zdroji, manipuluj\u00ed s informacemi, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b<strong> p\u0159ekrucuj\u00ed a zveli\u010duj\u00ed.<\/strong> Fake news lze poznat podle velk\u00fdch p\u00edsmen v titulc\u00edch, vyk\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk\u016f i fotomont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">P\u0159\u00edklad fake news: <em>\u010cesk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia psala o \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 novele z\u00e1kona, kdy \u0160v\u00e9di budou pot\u0159ebovat k pohlavn\u00edmu styku p\u00edsemn\u00fd souhlas. Pravdou v\u0161ak bylo, \u017ee \u0161lo o fyzick\u00fd souhlas. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o typick\u00e9 p\u0159ekroucen\u00ed pravdy.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 940px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/AdobeStock_205829675-930x590.jpeg\" alt=\"Dezinformace\" width=\"930\" height=\"590\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fake news jsou nepravdiv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. C\u00edlem fake news m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u0161kozen\u00ed osob nebo p\u0159\u00edjem z reklamy.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Misinformace\"><\/span>Misinformace<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dal\u0161\u00edm pojmem je misinformace. Jedn\u00e1 se o n<strong>epravdivou, nespr\u00e1vnou a\u017e zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed informaci, kter\u00e1 je v\u0161ak chyba.<\/strong> Nen\u00ed tedy \u0161\u00ed\u0159ena \u00famysln\u011b s c\u00edlem ovlivnit rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee redaktor ud\u011bl\u00e1 chybu a publikuje \u010dl\u00e1nek s chybnou informac\u00ed, kterou n\u00e1sledn\u011b oprav\u00ed, jde o misinformaci. <strong>Oprava p\u016fvodn\u00edho chybn\u00e9ho sd\u011blen\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b znak misinfromace.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">P\u0159\u00edklad misinformace: <em>Vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 televize se dopustilo misinformace, kdy omylem pou\u017eila ve sv\u00e9m vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed fotografii \u0161kod po moravsk\u00e9m torn\u00e1du k report\u00e1\u017ei o v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b. Svoji chybu \u010cesk\u00e1 televize obratem vysv\u011btlila a p\u0159iznala se k n\u00ed. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o misinformaci a ne dezinformaci, proto\u017ee byla chyba v\u010das napravena.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_poznat_falesnou_zpravu\"><\/span>Jak poznat fale\u0161nou zpr\u00e1vu?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"elementToProof\" dir=\"ltr\">V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b by se ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 m\u011bl \u0159\u00eddit obecn\u00fdm pravidlem: \u201cd\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj, ale prov\u011b\u0159uj\u201d. Nejl\u00e9pe se v pravd\u00e1ch a nepravd\u00e1ch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 zorientuje kdy\u017e si zkus\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu vyhledat i z jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek sv\u00e9 zdroje ji\u017e obsahuje, nen\u00ed nic jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e prov\u011b\u0159it pr\u00e1v\u011b je. V\u011bt\u0161ina pravdiv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f m\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho autora. <strong>Pokud se autor \u010dl\u00e1nku skr\u00fdv\u00e1, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/strong> Pravdu lze poznat ji\u017e z titulku. Jestli\u017ee je titulek napsan\u00fd velk\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny a mnoho vyk\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, je to znak typick\u00e9 fake news. \u010cl\u00e1nek lze prov\u011b\u0159it i pomoc\u00ed fotografie. Ov\u011b\u0159it pravdivost sn\u00edmku m\u016f\u017eete pomoc\u00ed URL adresy, kterou lze vlo\u017eit do vyhled\u00e1va\u010de a t\u00edm zjistit, jestli se fotografie vztahuje pouze k uveden\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. <strong>Posledn\u00edm bodem je kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed \u010di vlastn\u00ed \u00fasudek.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor, internet a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b zaplavuj\u00ed dezinformace, hoaxy, misinformace i fake news. Vyzn\u00e1te se v t\u011bchto term\u00ednech? Pro\u010d vznikaj\u00ed a jak\u00fd maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010del? Odpov\u011bdi nab\u00edz\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek. Hoax Hoax je podvodn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla vyd\u011bsit, \u0161\u00ed\u0159it paniku a p\u0159im\u011bt k velmi un\u00e1hlen\u00fdm a\u017e iracion\u00e1ln\u00edm reakc\u00edm. Hoaxy se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":6581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[166,65,27,25],"class_list":["post-6579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marketing","tag-finance","tag-marketing","tag-pravo","tag-zakony"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dezinformace a dal\u0161\u00ed nepravdy v m\u00e9di\u00edch a na internetu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor, internet a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b zaplavuj\u00ed dezinformace, hoaxy, misinformace i fake news. 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