{"id":4097,"date":"2021-06-27T11:06:55","date_gmt":"2021-06-27T09:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/?p=4097"},"modified":"2021-07-06T11:47:03","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T09:47:03","slug":"prace-na-cerno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/prace-na-cerno\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno: Jak\u00e1 jsou rizika a zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v \u010cesku dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 i zam\u011bstnanci. Jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody? Co v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed jako\u017eto zam\u011bstnanci a zam\u011bstnavateli p\u0159i odhalen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Definice pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno: Co to vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1?<\/h2>\n

Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno je ne\u0161varem \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomiky a pracovn\u00edho trhu i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnost. Jedn\u00e1 se o jakoukoliv neohl\u00e1\u0161enou pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed podlo\u017eena smlouvou<\/strong> \u010di dohodou<\/a> mezi zam\u011bstnavatelem a zam\u011bstnancem. \u010cast\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je tak\u00e9 tzv. vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed odm\u011bny na ruku, i kdy\u017e se nap\u0159\u00edklad nejedn\u00e1 o celou \u010d\u00e1stku platu, ale pouze o \u010d\u00e1st.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d lid\u00e9 p\u0159istoup\u00ed na pr\u00e1ci bez smlouvy aneb V\u00fdhody pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno<\/h2>\n

Mnoho zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f vid\u00ed v takov\u00e9m \u00favazku v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak pova\u017eujeme za zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9, jeliko\u017e rizika jsou mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nestoj\u00ed za takov\u00fd risk.<\/p>\n

Z hlediska zam\u011bstnavatele se pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno “vyplat\u00ed” p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm finan\u010dn\u011b. Za takov\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance toti\u017e neodv\u00e1d\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/strong> D\u00e1le se jej tak\u00e9 net\u00fdk\u00e1 platba dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vek, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad nemocensk\u00e1. Jednodu\u0161e to z finan\u010dn\u00edho hlediska vypad\u00e1, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zam\u011bstnanec ani neexistuje a pr\u00e1ce se tak n\u011bjak odv\u00e1d\u00ed sama nebo ji st\u00edhaj\u00ed ostatn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci.<\/p>\n

Zam\u011bstnanec m\u016f\u017ee za v\u00fdhodu pova\u017eovat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plat<\/strong>, kter\u00fd mu zam\u011bstnavatel je schopen nab\u00eddnout pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem. Velmi \u010dast\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak dostat adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stku za pr\u00e1ci je tedy vyu\u017eit\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kdy zam\u011bstnanec pob\u00edr\u00e1 pouze minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdu a zbytek dost\u00e1v\u00e1 “bokem”.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 tedy vylo\u017een\u011b nut\u00ed sv\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 k pr\u00e1ci bez smlouvy. Je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 podotknout, \u017ee i pracovn\u00edk p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 za sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost, pokud na takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky p\u0159istoup\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jestli\u017ee v\u00e1s do pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru bez smlouvy nut\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel, je pro v\u00e1s mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt si jinou pr\u00e1ci, kde v\u00e1s ohodnot\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u011b. Pomoci s hled\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00e1m mohou rekvalifika\u010dn\u00ed kurzy<\/a>, kter\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed va\u0161i hodnotu na pracovn\u00edm trhu.<\/p>\n

Nev\u00fdhody pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed<\/h2>\n

V\u00fd\u010det v\u00fdhod pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno v\u0161ak finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nkou kon\u010d\u00ed. Za to p\u0159ehled nev\u00fdhod obsahuje hned n\u011bkolik d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d do takov\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho vztahu nej\u00edt. Pokud pomineme to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnost, za kterou v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 sankce, odradit by v\u00e1s m\u011bly i n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed nev\u00fdhody:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 jeliko\u017e za v\u00e1s zam\u011bstnavatel \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed neodv\u00e1d\u00ed, mus\u00edte po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee nem\u00e1te n\u00e1rok na nemocenskou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neschopnosti, pokud si jej nebudete hradit sami.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 stejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad nast\u00e1v\u00e1 i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byste si m\u011bli takt\u00e9\u017e platit sami.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Kdokoliv v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee udat<\/strong> \u2013 na nekal\u00e9 praktiky m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou instituci upozornit kdokoliv a anonymn\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Nem\u00e1te \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a ochranu st\u00e1tu<\/strong> \u2013 jeliko\u017e v\u00e1\u0161 pracovn\u00ed vztah nen\u00ed podlo\u017een smlouvou, neplynou pro v\u00e1s \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nebo ochrana od st\u00e1tu. Pokud v\u00e1m zam\u011bstnavatel nezaplat\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nikdy sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze neuvid\u00edte. Vyhodit v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee ze dne na den. Placen\u00e1 dovolen\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 pas\u00e9 a tak d\u00e1le.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. D\u016fchod<\/strong> \u2013 l\u00e9ta odpracovan\u00e1 na \u010derno se v\u00e1m tak\u00e9 nebudou zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat do n\u00e1roku na d\u016fchod. Nyn\u00ed se v\u00e1m p\u00e1r tis\u00edc nav\u00edc mo\u017en\u00e1 “vyplat\u00ed”, ale z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska prod\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1te.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u00da\u0159ad pr\u00e1ce v\u00e1s nepodr\u017e\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 \u010dast\u00fdm proh\u0159e\u0161kem b\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159ilep\u0161en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci evidence na \u00fa\u0159adu pr\u00e1ce. Jakmile se na neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnost p\u0159ijde, \u00fa\u0159ad pr\u00e1ce v\u00e1s z evidence vy\u0159ad\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b bude po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu za podporu v nezam\u011bstnanosti,<\/a>\u00a0kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m byla vyplacena.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"Pr\u00e1ce

    Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno: Nev\u00fdhody p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed nad v\u00fdhodami.<\/p><\/div>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Jak\u00e1 hroz\u00ed pokuta \u010di rizika a komu?<\/h2>\n

    Instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnost, je St\u00e1tn\u00ed inspekce pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 jak na z\u00e1klad\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch kontrol, tak ud\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u011b-pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztah\u016f mezi zam\u011bstnavatelem a zam\u011bstnancem. Jestli\u017ee odhal\u00ed nepodlo\u017eenou pr\u00e1ci, ud\u011bluje ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m zna\u010dn\u00e9 pokuty.<\/p>\n

    Fyzick\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 (tedy zam\u011bstnanec), m\u016f\u017ee dostat sankci a\u017e 100 000 K\u010d<\/strong>. Jestli\u017ee v\u0161ak nebudete spolupracovat a nap\u0159\u00edklad odm\u00edtnete dolo\u017eit svou toto\u017enost, hroz\u00ed v\u00e1m pokuta ve v\u00fd\u0161i a\u017e 200 000 K\u010d. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby (neboli zam\u011bstnavatele) se jedn\u00e1 o \u010d\u00e1stky a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 10 milion\u016f korun<\/strong>. Nejm\u00e9n\u011b pak 250 000 K\u010d.<\/p>\n

    Modelov\u00e9 situace<\/h2>\n

    Pro p\u0159edstavu si nyn\u00ed uvedeme n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edkladov\u00fdch situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nemus\u00ed vypadat jako pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno nebo jsou jinak problematick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    Firma provozuj\u00edc\u00ed taxi slu\u017eby zam\u011bstn\u00e1 pracovn\u00edka, kter\u00e9mu nebylo je\u0161t\u011b 21 let v\u011bku.<\/p>\n

    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/strong> Proto\u017ee je z\u00e1konem ur\u010dena v\u011bkov\u00e1 hranice taxik\u00e1\u0159\u016f na 21 let a v\u00fd\u0161e, jedn\u00e1 se o neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m hroz\u00ed pokuta.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Zam\u011bstnavatel v\u00e1s nut\u00ed k podeps\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy, kde je uvedena pouze minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda a zbytek v\u00e1m chce vypl\u00e1cet na ruku. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jinak v\u00e1s nezam\u011bstn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/strong> Smlouvu nepodepisujte a jestli\u017ee s n\u00edm nen\u00ed \u0159e\u010d, hledejte si jinou pr\u00e1ci. Podeps\u00e1n\u00edm byste souhlasil\/a s podm\u00ednkami a u kontroly by v\u00e1s neminula sankce.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Mlad\u00edk ve v\u011bku 14 let si chce p\u0159ivyd\u011blat a tak odjede na t\u00e1bor jako vedouc\u00ed odd\u00edlu. Nem\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na odm\u011bnu, proto\u017ee nedostal smlouvu a chce se br\u00e1nit. Jak?<\/p>\n

    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed:\u00a0<\/strong>Jeliko\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nezletil\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 je v \u010cesku zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, nem\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na odm\u011bnu a na brig\u00e1du<\/a> si mus\u00ed po\u010dkat a\u017e od 15 let.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Dlouhodob\u00e1 zam\u011bstnankyn\u011b pracuje ve firm\u011b a jej\u00ed smlouva byla prodlou\u017eena na neur\u010dito. B\u011bhem t\u00e9 doby se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnilo veden\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 ji v\u0161ak nad\u00e1le d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny k pr\u00e1ci a podobn\u011b. Po m\u011bs\u00edci, kdy dojde \u010das na platbu mzdy, j\u00ed z\u00e1stupce veden\u00ed sd\u011bl\u00ed, \u017ee s n\u00ed nepodepsali \u017e\u00e1dnou smlouvu oni, ale p\u0159edchoz\u00ed majitel\u00e9, a proto je smlouva neplatn\u00e1 a nem\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na odm\u011bnu. Jedn\u00e1 se o pr\u00e1ci na \u010derno?<\/p>\n

    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed: <\/strong>Nejedn\u00e1 a zam\u011bstnankyn\u011b m\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na mzdu. Pokud nov\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel toti\u017e neu\u010din\u00ed person\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny a nad\u00e1le spolupracuje s pracovnic\u00ed, smlouvy nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba upravovat a nad\u00e1le plat\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    M\u00e1te s prac\u00ed na \u010derno n\u011bjak\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti? Tla\u010dil v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy zam\u011bstnavatel do neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti? Pod\u011blte se s n\u00e1mi v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Zdroj: euro.cz, prace.cz<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v \u010cesku dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 i zam\u011bstnanci. Jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody? Co v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed jako\u017eto zam\u011bstnanci a zam\u011bstnavateli p\u0159i odhalen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno? Definice pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno: Co to vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1? Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno je ne\u0161varem \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomiky a pracovn\u00edho trhu i p\u0159esto, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[34,46,25],"class_list":["post-4097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prace-a-kariera","tag-lepsi-prace","tag-prace","tag-zakony"],"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00e1ce na \u010derno: Jak\u00e1 jsou rizika a zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno je \u010dast\u00fdm proh\u0159e\u0161kem zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f i zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed v\u00fdhody i nev\u00fdhody a co v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed p\u0159i odhalen\u00ed?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/prace-na-cerno\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno: Jak\u00e1 jsou rizika a zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pr\u00e1ce na \u010derno je \u010dast\u00fdm proh\u0159e\u0161kem zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f i zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. 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