{"id":3367,"date":"2020-12-16T07:21:23","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T06:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/?p=3367"},"modified":"2022-08-30T10:34:43","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T08:34:43","slug":"inflace-a-deflace-vyznam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/inflace-a-deflace-vyznam\/","title":{"rendered":"Inflace a deflace: Pojmy, jejich\u017e v\u00fdznam by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t opravdu ka\u017ed\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 pojmy ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na \u017eivot cel\u00e9 populace, by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t ka\u017ed\u00fd. S makroekonomick\u00fdmi term\u00edny jako <\/span><\/i>deflace<\/i><\/b> a <\/span><\/i>inflace<\/i><\/b> se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me prakticky neust\u00e1le, ale ne v\u0161ichni jim rozum\u00ed. Pokud v\u00e1m v\u00fdznam zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch pojm\u016f zcela unik\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b si jen nejste jist\u00ed, jestli je ch\u00e1pete spr\u00e1vn\u011b, p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiku.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Inflace<\/h2>\n

Ekonomov\u00e9 definuj\u00ed inflaci jako <\/span>n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 hladiny cen zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb a sou\u010dasn\u011b oslaben\u00ed kupn\u00ed s\u00edly<\/b> (tzn. re\u00e1ln\u00e9 hodnoty) <\/span>pen\u011bz<\/b>. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si za ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1stku zakoup\u00edte m\u00e9n\u011b slu\u017eeb \u010di zbo\u017e\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. M\u00edra znehodnocen\u00ed m\u011bny jde ruku v ruce se stavem ekonomiky dan\u00e9 zem\u011b, respektive z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9m r\u016fstu. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm c\u00edlem \u010cNB je udr\u017een\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed inflace pod hranic\u00ed 2 %, co\u017e se j\u00ed (<\/span>p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli n\u00e1sledk\u016fm pandemie koronaviru<\/span><\/a>) neda\u0159\u00ed. Jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak pen\u00edze ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed poklesem re\u00e1ln\u00e9 hodnoty, je rozumn\u00e9 <\/span>investov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a> do vhodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co inflaci zp\u016fsobuje?<\/h2>\n

Vysokou m\u00edru inflace zp\u016fsobuje nadm\u011brn\u00fd r\u016fst finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f vpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch do ob\u011bhu.<\/b> Dojde-li k situaci, kdy je r\u016fst pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1soby rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e r\u016fst celkov\u00e9ho produktu, m\u00edra inflace stoup\u00e1. P\u016fvodcem inflace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i \u010cNB, jej\u00ed\u017e pozice nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1: ve sv\u00fdch progn\u00f3z\u00e1ch mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat s mnoha faktory v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 nelze p\u0159esn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159it.<\/span><\/p>\n

K inflaci m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt tak\u00e9 ze strany nab\u00eddky, kdy z ur\u010dit\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f (nap\u0159. hor\u0161\u00ed dostupnost nebo celkov\u00e9 vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f) stoupaj\u00ed ceny zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Dopady inflace jsou vesm\u011bs negativn\u00ed (zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hodnoty \u00faspor\u2026), nicm\u00e9n\u011b v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ohledech na ni lze pohl\u00ed\u017eet jako na relativn\u011b dobrou v\u011bc. Inflace zv\u00fdhod\u0148uje prodejce nemovitost\u00ed<\/a>, sni\u017euje hodnotu \u00fav\u011br\u016f a prakticky zlev\u0148uje zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eby v zem\u00edch s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou inflace. <\/span>Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska by v\u00fdvoj inflace nem\u011bl p\u0159evy\u0161ovat t\u0159i a v\u00edce procentn\u00edch bod\u016f<\/b> \u2013 ekonomika se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do tzv. <\/span>infla\u010dn\u00ed spir\u00e1ly<\/span><\/i>, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9 se ekonomika st\u00e1tu propad\u00e1.<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmat:<\/strong> Finan\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad: Co si vz\u00edt s sebou a dokdy se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit?<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Inflace

Inflace a deflace: Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdznamy t\u011bchto pojm\u016f?<\/p><\/div>\n

Deflace<\/h2>\n

Opakem inflace je deflace. Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 stav, kdy za slu\u017eby a zbo\u017e\u00ed plat\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b, vn\u00edmaj\u00ed velmi pozitivn\u011b. Opa\u010dn\u00fd pohled maj\u00ed v\u00fdrobci a prodejci, jejich\u017e zisk kles\u00e1. <\/span>Ekonomov\u00e9 deflaci ozna\u010duj\u00ed za probl\u00e9m, proto\u017ee z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska zp\u016fsobuje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed tr\u017eby firem, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b nuceny sni\u017eovat n\u00e1klady<\/b> (v\u010detn\u011b plat\u016f) <\/span>a omezovat pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta.<\/b> Deflace z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh a zp\u016fsobuje v\u0161eobecn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd pokles. V kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit opak \u2013 <\/span>ekonomiku<\/span><\/a> povzbudit t\u00edm, \u017ee lid\u00e9 za\u010dnou v\u00edce nakupovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <\/strong>Co je to vlastn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l a co ho tvo\u0159\u00ed?<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny deflace?<\/h2>\n

<\/b>Zat\u00edmco inflaci zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nadm\u011brn\u00e1 emise pen\u011bz, <\/span>k deflaci logicky doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i opa\u010dn\u00e9 situaci \u2013 nedostatku finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/b>. K dal\u0161\u00edm, tzv. nenad\u00e1l\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m, pat\u0159\u00ed zmrazen\u00ed trh\u016f v d\u016fsledku hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize. V minulosti dokonce do\u0161lo k z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 deflaci ze strany vl\u00e1dy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 pojmy ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na \u017eivot cel\u00e9 populace, by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t ka\u017ed\u00fd. S makroekonomick\u00fdmi term\u00edny jako deflace a inflace se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me prakticky neust\u00e1le, ale ne v\u0161ichni jim rozum\u00ed. Pokud v\u00e1m v\u00fdznam zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch pojm\u016f zcela unik\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b si jen nejste jist\u00ed, jestli je ch\u00e1pete spr\u00e1vn\u011b, p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiku. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":3498,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,14],"tags":[18,54,147,17,8],"class_list":["post-3367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazeno","category-ucetnictvi-a-dane","tag-navody","tag-podnikani","tag-tipy","tag-ucetnictvi","tag-vzdelavani"],"yoast_head":"\nInflace a deflace: Pojmy, jejich\u017e v\u00fdznam by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t opravdu ka\u017ed\u00fd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S pojmy deflace a inflace se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me prakticky neust\u00e1le, ale ne v\u0161ichni jim rozum\u00ed. 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