{"id":2126,"date":"2020-04-02T14:00:11","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T12:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/?p=2126"},"modified":"2020-11-21T17:59:09","modified_gmt":"2020-11-21T16:59:09","slug":"past-simple-minuly-cas-prosty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orangeacademy.cz\/clanky\/past-simple-minuly-cas-prosty\/","title":{"rendered":"Past simple – Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b a jeho vysv\u011btlen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Past simple neboli minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b a jeho znalosti se nevyhne \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd student ji\u017e v m\u00edrn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9m st\u00e1diu studia. Vyplat\u00ed se tedy pod\u00edvat na jeho pravidla a pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Past simple: Jak ho tvo\u0159it, kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edt a kdy nikoliv?<\/h2>\n

Pod\u00edvejte se, jak past simple vytvo\u0159it, kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edt a kdy nikoliv. <\/p>\n

Jak se past simple tvo\u0159\u00ed?<\/h3>\n

Chcete-li vyj\u00e1d\u0159it past simple kladnou v\u011btou, u pravideln\u00fdch sloves pou\u017eijete p\u0159i tvorb\u011b past simple koncovku -ed<\/strong>, -d<\/strong>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b -ied<\/strong>. Pod\u00edvejte se n\u00ed\u017ee na tabulku, v n\u00ed\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00edme p\u0159\u00edklady pravideln\u00fdch sloves. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, kdy se p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed s -d,<\/em> kdy s -ed,<\/em> kdy se vyslovuj\u00ed s -id<\/em>, kdy se posledn\u00ed p\u00edsmeno zdvojuje nebo kdy se zm\u011bk\u010duje.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

I worked<\/strong> a lot yesterday.
\nThey travelled<\/strong> to France last year.
\nWe had<\/strong> a good weekend.
\nHe drank<\/strong> red wine two days ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

PAST SIMPLE – REGULAR VERBS<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ED <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

D<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

pronunciation -id<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

double last letter<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Y – IED <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

answer – answered<\/td>\narrive – arrived<\/td>\nhate – hated<\/td>\nprefer – preferred <\/td>\ncarry – carried <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ask – asked<\/td>\nclose – closed<\/td>\nend – ended<\/td>\nscan – scanned<\/td>\ncopy – copied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
barbecue – barbecued<\/td>\ndance – danced<\/td>\nstart – started<\/td>\nshop – shopped<\/td>\ncry – cried <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
boil – boiled <\/td>\nlike – liked<\/td>\ntext – texted<\/td>\nstop – stopped<\/td>\nfry – fried<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
brush – brushed <\/td>\nlive – lived<\/td>\ncomplete – completed<\/td>\ntravel – travelled<\/td>\nstudy – studied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
call – called<\/td>\nlove – loved<\/td>\nneed – needed<\/td>\n <\/td>\ntidy – tidied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
clean – cleaned<\/td>\nmove – moved<\/td>\nprint – printed<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
click – clicked<\/td>\nsave – saved<\/td>\nroast – roasted<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
comb – combed <\/td>\ntype – typed<\/td>\nwait – waited<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cook – cooked <\/td>\nuse – used<\/td>\nwant – wanted<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cover – covered<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
deliver – delivered<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
finish – finished <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
grill – grilled <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
help – helped<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
look – looked <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
open – opened <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
play – played <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
relax – relaxed <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
remain – remained<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
search – searched <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ski – skied<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
stay – stayed<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
switch – switched<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
touch – touched<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
walk – walked <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
watch – watched<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
work – worked<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

U nepravideln\u00e9ho slovesa se pak p\u0159i tvorb\u011b minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho pou\u017eije jejich druh\u00fd tvar (2. sloupe\u010dek v tabulk\u00e1ch<\/a>). <\/p>\n

Chcete-li vytvo\u0159it ot\u00e1zku, pou\u017eijete pomocn\u00e9 sloveso did. <\/strong>
\n
\nPozor!<\/strong> V\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v prvn\u00edm tvaru (infinitivu), tedy nikoliv worked, ale work, nikoliv had, ale have atd.
\n
\nP\u0159\u00edklady: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Did<\/strong> you work <\/strong> yesterday?
\nDid<\/strong> they travel<\/strong> to France last year?
\nDid<\/strong> she have<\/strong> a good weekend?
\nDid<\/strong> he drink<\/strong> red wine two days ago?<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1porn\u00e1 v\u011bta se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s pomocn\u00fdm slovesem did not<\/strong> (sta\u017een\u011b didn\u2019t.) V\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso op\u011bt z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v prvn\u00edm tvaru.
\n
\nP\u0159\u00edklady: <\/strong><\/p>\n

I didn\u2019t work<\/strong> yesterday.
\nThey didn\u2019t travel<\/strong> to France last year.
\nWe did not have<\/strong> a good weekend.
\nHe did not drink<\/strong> wine two days ago.<\/p>\n

Kdy se tento \u010das pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?<\/h3>\n

V\u017edy, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o minulosti a z kontextu je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee d\u011bj je ji\u017e ukon\u010den\u00fd. Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee se minul\u00fd \u010das poj\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00fdmi ur\u010den\u00edmi \u010dasu<\/strong> (yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two days ago (p\u0159ede dv\u011bma dny), on Friday apod.).<\/p>\n

Kdy se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?<\/h3>\n

V angli\u010dtin\u011b existuje v\u00edce \u010das\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mohou pl\u00e9st. Proto jsme pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravili p\u0159ehled situac\u00ed, kdy se past simple nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. <\/p>\n

\"slovn\u00edk<\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd versus p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd<\/h4>\n

Studenti \u010dasto t\u00e1pou v rozd\u00edlu mezi minul\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a \u010dasem p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm<\/a>. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pochopit, kdy se kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pom\u016fckou, podle n\u00ed\u017e lze past simple od p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu odli\u0161it je, zda je d\u011bj ukon\u010den, \u010di nikoliv. Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd pou\u017eijete, pokud je d\u011bj i \u010das d\u011bje ukon\u010den. Ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00fdrazy jako je yesterday, last night, some time ago<\/strong> apod.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das zvol\u00edte, pokud d\u011bj ani \u010das d\u011bje nen\u00ed ukon\u010den.
\n
\nP\u0159\u00edklady: <\/strong><\/p>\n

I have had<\/strong> two cups of coffee today. (\u010cas nen\u00ed ukon\u010den, do konce dne si je\u0161t\u011b mohu d\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00ed k\u00e1vu).<\/p>\n

I have lost<\/strong> my wallet. (Ztratil jsem pen\u011b\u017eenku a st\u00e1le ji nem\u00e1m). Ale: I lost<\/strong> my wallet but I found it later.<\/strong> (Pou\u017eije se minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd, proto\u017ee byl d\u011bj ukon\u010den. Pen\u011b\u017eenka se na\u0161la a mluv\u010d\u00ed pova\u017euje celou situaci za ukon\u010denou).<\/p>\n

I haven\u2019t been<\/strong> to Paris yet. (Zvol\u00ed se p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das. Je\u0161t\u011b jsem nebyl v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, ale d\u011bj nen\u00ed ukon\u010den, je\u0161t\u011b se tam mohu pod\u00edvat.). Ale: I was<\/strong> in Paris last year.<\/strong> (U\u017eije se past simple \u2013 minul\u00fd rok u\u017e se nikdy nebude opakovat).<\/p>\n

My grandma has always baked<\/strong> the best cakes! (Op\u011bt se u\u017eije p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das, proto\u017ee babi\u010dka je st\u00e1le na\u017eivu). Ale: My grandma baked<\/strong> the best cakes. (Zvol\u00ed se past simple \u2013 babi\u010dka zem\u0159ela, ji\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010de nikdy neupe\u010de, d\u011bj je ukon\u010den).<\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd vs. minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/h4>\n

V angli\u010dtin\u011b existuj\u00ed dva minul\u00e9 \u010dasy \u2013 prost\u00fd, o kter\u00e9m pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 tento \u010dl\u00e1nek a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje, \u017ee d\u011bj prob\u00edhal ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek.<\/strong> Pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed se pod\u00edvejte na p\u0159\u00edklady n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady: <\/strong><\/p>\n

I worked<\/strong> at home yesterday.<\/strong> (V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se pou\u017eije minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd, proto\u017ee pouze oznamujete, \u017ee jste v\u010dera pracovali. Pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd \u010das by zde nem\u011bl v\u00fdznam).<\/p>\n

I was working<\/strong> the whole afternoon<\/strong> yesterday. (Zde se v\u0161ak hod\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd, proto\u017ee chcete zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce trvala opravdu dlouho).<\/p>\n

I finished<\/strong> my homework and went out. (Op\u011bt se zvol\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd. Jeden d\u011bj n\u00e1sledoval po druh\u00e9m).<\/p>\n

I was doing<\/strong> my homework when he came home. (V prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bty se pou\u017eije minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd, kdy chcete vyj\u00e1d\u0159it, \u017ee jste d\u011blali dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly pr\u00e1v\u011b v okam\u017eiku, kdy druh\u00e1 osoba p\u0159i\u0161la dom\u016f. Ve druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bty se mluv\u00ed o ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku, kter\u00fd se odehr\u00e1l v minulosti \u2013 tedy minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd).<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdklad o past simple byl dostate\u010dn\u011b srozumiteln\u00fd a p\u0159ejeme v\u0161em student\u016fm p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 studium! Pokud se v\u0161ak v angli\u010dtin\u011b pot\u0159ebujete rozmluvit, <\/strong>p\u0159ihlaste se na n\u011bkter\u00fd z jazykov\u00fdch kurz\u016f Orange Academy<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Past simple neboli minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b a jeho znalosti se nevyhne \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd student ji\u017e v m\u00edrn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9m st\u00e1diu studia. Vyplat\u00ed se tedy pod\u00edvat na jeho pravidla a pou\u017eit\u00ed. Past simple: Jak ho tvo\u0159it, kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edt a kdy nikoliv? Pod\u00edvejte se, jak past simple vytvo\u0159it, kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edt a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[11,12,10,13,8],"class_list":["post-2126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglictina","category-vzdelavani","tag-anglicka-gramatika","tag-casy-v-anglictine","tag-jazyky","tag-vyuka-anglictiny","tag-vzdelavani"],"yoast_head":"\nPast simple - Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b a jeho vysv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jako m\u00edrn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00ed studenti angli\u010dtiny budete p\u0159i komunikaci pot\u0159ebovat past simple (minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd). 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